This representation of the coriolis parameter bears the name of equatorial betaplane approximation. The equator is one of five lines of latitude used to help people navigate the world. Sep 06, 2018 its equatorial radius is 6378 km, but its polar radius is 6357 km in other words, the earth is slightly flattened. The inner radiation belt discovered by van allen is relatively compact, extending perhaps one earth radius above the equator 1 re 6371 km or about 4000 miles. It separates the northern and southern hemispheres.
In fact the answer would be the same if you tied a rope around your waist and added 3 feet to that. This is roughly 6,371 kilometers km or 3,960 statute miles. Measure the earth s radius with a stopwatch is it possible to measure the earth s radius armed only with a stopwatch. The equator thus qualifies as a great circle because it passes through the exact center of the earth and divides it in half. The height above sea level of the location is added. Because of this, the diameter of the earth at the equator is about 43 kilometers 27 mi larger than the poletopole diameter. Mar 02, 2009 the circumference of the earth in kilometers is 40,075 km, and the circumference of the earth in miles is 24,901. Because the earth is a sphere, the equatorthe middle lineis significantly longer than any of the other lines of latitude. Countries that are further north or south of the equator experience a change in seasons, when hot weather follows cold weather. The north pole lies 90 on the north of the equator and the south pole lies 90 on the south of the equator. The equator is the imaginary circle, which cuts the spherical earth exactly in the middle, i.
Another way to do this, though essentially the same, is to use velocity distancetime. First, you must decide to approximate the earth as a sphere, cylinder, cone, torus, or some other geometric shape with at least one radius. The earths mean radius is determined as the average distance from the physical center to the surface, based on a large number of samples. Assuming you chose a sphere, the simplest method would be to measure the diameter, and divide it by half. You are standing on the equator of the earth radius 3960. The earth s diameter is also wider at the equator, creating a phenomenon called an equatorial bulge. Re denotes earth model radius, here defined to be 6,378 km. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of an. The other four include the arctic circle, the antarctic circle, the tropic of cancer, and the tropic of capricorn because the earth is a sphere, the equatorthe middle lineis significantly longer. Angular and linear speed you are standing on the equator of the earth radius 3950 miles, what is your linear and angular speed 1 with respect to the center of the earth.
The radius is more like 6,371 kilometers at the north and south poles. To second order, earth is approximately an oblate spheroid, whose equatorial diameter is 43 kilometres 27 mi larger than the poletopole diameter, although the variation is less than 1% of the average radius of the earth. However, this can be automatically converted into other length and distance units via the pulldown menu. This is defined as any circle drawn on a sphere or an oblate spheroid with a center that includes the center of that sphere. This is also reflected in earths radius, which differs depending on which latitude it is measured at.
Dec, 2018 the equator is a huge circle of imagination that is assumed to be in the middle of the earth. By the numbers earth nasa solar system exploration. Parallel lines are numbered up to pi2 to the north and to the south. The equator is a huge circle of imagination that is assumed to be in the middle of the earth. The earth has a radius of 6380 km and turns around once on its axis in 24 h. An equator divides the planet into a northern hemisphere and a southern hemisphere.
The earth is about 6400 kilometers in radius, with the radius at the equator slightlly more than the radius at the poles. Jan 30, 2020 earth is an oblate spheroid that is slightly squished at the poles, which means it bulges at the equator. Since the earth is flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator, geodesy represents the shape of the earth with an oblate spheroid. In other words, if you could drive your car around the equator of the earth yes. Jan 28, 2020 the equator is one of five lines of latitude used to help people navigate the world. This method was very simple yet accurate, requiring just four measurements in all to be taken and then applying a trigonometric equation to arrive at the solution. What is the speed of a person standing on the equator, due to the earths rotation.
The earth is almost, but not quite, a perfect sphere. The radius of earth at the equator is 3,963 miles 6,378 kilometers, according to nasas goddard space flight center. The earth has a radius of 6380 km and turns around once on. This representation of the coriolis parameter bears the name of equatorial betaplane.
It is because the sun remains almost directly overhead everyday. A diagram of the centers is shown below for reference. It consists of very energetic protons, a byproduct of collisions by cosmic ray ions with atoms of the. Eratosthenes was measuring the polar radius, and his value using the 0. The key thing to note is that the radius or circumference of the earth do not feature in the result at all. But for small distances it can be taken as true sphere. There is a small flattening at the poles and bulging around the equator due to earths rotation. The earths radius at the equator is larger than that at the poles. But it is recognized that the actual circle of the equator has an average radius which is about20 meters less. Sep 15, 2017 the radius of earth at the equator is 3,963 miles 6,378 kilometers, according to nasas goddard space flight center. Its value ranges from 6,378 km 3,963 mi at the equator to 6,357 km 3,950 mi at a pole. Given that earth has a radius of 6,400 km at its equator, what is the linear velocity at earth s surface. Suppose a jet flies once around the earth at a speed of 500 miles an hour relative to earth. The angular velocity of rotation is omega 2 pi1\ day 2pi24times 60times 60\ s 7.
Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here. The basic idea is to look at a sunrise or sunset or moonrise or moonset in a very particular manner. Therefore the centrifugal force at the equator is balanced canceled by the extra gravitational force there this is referred to as effective gravity. What is the acceleration of gravity at a height of 12,800 km above the earths surface. The other four include the arctic circle, the antarctic circle, the tropic of cancer, and the tropic of capricorn. The circumference of the earth in kilometers is 40,075 km, and the circumference of the earth in miles is 24,901. This was very simple yet accurate requiring just four measurements in all to. Bviewed from a point above the north pole, is the angular velocity positive or negative. The answer will be only approximate, but thats a lot better than nothing.
It is the only line of latitude which is also a great circle. If we assume earth is spherical, the length of any parallel of latitude is equal to the circumference of a great circle of earth times the cosine of the latitude angle. If you measured the radius from earths center to the equator. Angular and linear speed you are standing on the e. This was computed for a mathematical ellipse of radius about 1 and eccentricity of 0. As the northern latitudes increase from the equator to the north pole point, southern. The centripetal acceleration is directed along the radius towards the center of the circle and the value of the magnitude is equal to the square of the tangential velocity divided by the radius of. Earth has been charted with vertical and horizontal lines. Given that earth has a radius of 6,400 km at its equator, what is the linear velocity at earths surface. The equatorial radius of the earth and the zeroorder undulation of.
For the real earth, the difference of either center from the center would not be visible on a plot. You are given that the radius of the earth, at the equator, is 3960 so the circumference is itex2\pi3960 24881itex miles. The distance around the earth at the equator, its circumference, is 40,075 kilometers 24,901 miles. That is, earth is a spheroid rather than a sphere, with the radius at the equator approximately 20 km greater than at the poles. If you were to measuring from the center of the earth out to the equator, you would obtain a. Given that earth has a radius of 6,400 km at its equator. Suppose you tie a rope tightly around the earth s equator. As it spins, earth flattens just a bit, making diameter at the equator 42. This equation, wgs84 earth equatorial radius meters, is used in 14 pages show calculators earth calc by kurtheckman. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Prehistoric distance from earth minimum 10 6 km 55. It is also reflected in earths radius, which differs depending on which latitude it is measure at. This nonspherical nature of the earth means that the gravitational field and thus the real weight would be different at the pole vs. Do you weigh more at the equator or at the north pole.
The length of the earths equator is exactly 40,075. Difference between equator and poles equator vs poles. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of an object on earths equator owing to the rotation of earth. The length of earths equator is about 40,075 kilometres 24,901. This site is maintained by the planetary science communications team at nasas jet propulsion laboratory and goddard space flight center for nasas science mission directorate.
This pudgy basketball shape comes from a combination of earth s gravity and its rotation. The earths diameter is also wider at the equator, creating a phenomenon called an equatorial bulge. How to calculate the earths radius at a given latitude. All around the earth the rope is raised up uniformly as high as is possible to make it tight again. In calculating the equator in the ellipsoid of reference there must be chosen a figure that makes allowance for a substantial bulge in the contour of the geoid in the area south of the line of the equator. Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. Measure the earths radius with a stopwatch is it possible to measure the earths radius armed only with a stopwatch. The value, symbolized r earth, is equal to approximately 6,371,000 meter s 6. This happens because the earth circles around the sun. Albiruni a pioneering muslim scientist figured out a truly remarkable and ingenious method to calculate the radius of the earth and subsequently its circumference etc. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. First one has to recognize that rotation is not linear motion.
Its value ranges from 6,378 km 3,963 mi at the equator to 6,357 km 3,950 mi at a. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of. The earths radiation belts the earth has two regions of trapped fast particles. Equator linecountries on the equator map universal. Its equatorial radius is 6378 km, but its polar radius is 6357 km in other words, the earth is slightly flattened. Egyptian estimates of the size and shape of the earth. An arc of 1 degree on earths surface is equal to how many. A nominal earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, denoted in astronomy by the symbol r. The earth s mean radius is determined as the average distance from the physical center to the surface, based on a large number of samples. Centripetal force an overview sciencedirect topics. The radius of the earth at the equator is approximately 4000 miles.
The equator is the only line on the earths surface that is considered a great circle. D what is the speed of a point on the earths surface located at 35 of the length of the arc between the equator and the pole, measured from equator. Countries, towns and cities located around the equator experience hot weather throughout the year. The oblate spheroid, or oblate ellipsoid, is an ellipsoid of revolution obtained by rotating an ellipse about its shorter axis. Earth radius is the distance from the center of earth to a point on its surface.
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